| Definition of Bladder leakage - Incontinence,
Incontinence is the inability to control urination (passage
of urine). Urinary incontinence can range from an occasional
leakage of urine, to a complete inability to hold any
urine. See also bowel incontinence.
Alternative names of Incontinence
Loss of bladder control; Uncontrollable urination; Urination - uncontrollable
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Considerations
Incontinence is fairly rare in children. Infants and children up to the time of toilet training are not considered incontinent, but merely untrained. Occasional accidents in children up to age 6 years, especially with urine, are not unusual.
Nighttime incontinence is usually referred to as bedwetting or nocturnal enuresis in children, and is normal until the age of 6 years. In young girls, and occasionally adolescent females, slight leakage of urine may be associated with laughing.
Incontinence in children may be associated with urinary tract infections, spinal injuries, urinary tract anatomical abnormalities, and neurological abnormalities that result in abnormal bladder control.
Incontinence is seen more frequently among the elderly. Almost 20% of older people living at home, one-third of those in hospitals, and one-half of all nursing home residents suffer from some type of urinary incontinence. Women are more likely than men to be affected by urinary incontinence.
Incontinence is not a hopeless situation, and should be addressed.
NORMAL URINATION:
The ability to hold urine and maintain continence is dependent on normal anatomy and function of the lower urinary tract and the nervous system. Additionally, the person must possess the physical and psychological ability to recognize and appropriately respond to the urge to urinate.
The process of urination involves two phases: 1) the filling and storage phase, and 2) the emptying phase. Normally during the filling and storage phase, the bladder begins to fill with urine from the kidneys. The bladder stretches to accommodate the increasing amounts of urine.
The first sensation of the urge to urinate occurs when approximately 200 ml of urine is stored. The healthy nervous system will respond to this stretching sensation by alerting you to the urge to urinate, while also allowing the bladder to continue to fill.
The average person can hold approximately 350 to 550 ml of urine. The ability to fill and store urine properly requires a functional sphincter (the circular muscles around the opening of the bladder) and a stable, expandable bladder wall muscle (detrusor).
The emptying phase requires the ability of the detrusor muscle to appropriately contract to force urine out of the bladder. Additionally, the body must also be able to simultaneously relax the sphincter to allow the urine to pass out of the body.
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